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The International Foundation for Civil Liberties ((ロシア語:Международный фонд гражданских свобод)) is a non-profit organization established by the Russian tycoon Boris Berezovsky in November 2000.〔("Oligarch hits out at his Kremlin monster" ) The Guardian 21 December 2000〕 The foundation is headquartered in New York City and headed by microbiologist, author and activist Alexander Goldfarb.〔〔 The stated mission of the foundation is "to provide financial, legal, informational and logistical resources to secure human rights and civil liberties in Russia." The first grant of the foundation ($3 million) was given as an endowment for the Andrei Sakharov Museum and Civic Center in Moscow. The grant was accepted by Sakharov's widow Elena Bonner.〔("Berezovsky Donates $3M to Museum" ) The Moscow Times 01 December 2000〕 By May 2001, 160 more grants have been awarded by the foundation to NGOs engaged in human rights protection across Russia〔("BEREZOVSKY MAKING MOVES BACK TO POLITICAL SCENE" ) The St. Petersburg Times May 15, 2001〕〔(Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia ) Europa Publications Limited , Taylor & Francis, 2002 page 549〕 including Committees of Soldiers' Mothers, a major human rights network.〔("Russian Soldiers' Mothers Work Together" ) Associated Press January 14, 2003〕〔("SOLDIERS' MOTHERS TO FORM PARTY" ) The St. Petersburg Times, November 9, 2004〕 Among other IFCL projects in Russia, observers noted support of persecuted journalists, legal aid for soldiers persecuted by officers in the Russian army, and funding lawyers to defend child offenders, to save them from being locked up for years in TB-ridden prisons.〔("The oligarch's revenge" ) The Guardian 19 February 2005〕 As part of its campaign to highlight violations of human rights in Chechnya, jointly with Amnesty International and the International Helsinki Federation, IFCL sponsored screening of documentaries on the Chechen War around the world.〔("Disillusionment over Chechnya. Journalists say their revelations of brutality in Chechnya have accomplished little" ) ''The Baltimore Sun'' October 5, 2003〕〔http://www.hot.ee/f/festivaal/press_us.htm "Chechnya Film Festival"〕 and took out full-page advertisements in international press criticising the human rights record of president Vladimir Putin.〔("Russian critics blast Putin's record" ) BBC News 23 September 2003〕 IFCL promoted the film ''Assassination of Russia'', which accused the FSB security service of staging Moscow apartment bombings, which led to the Second Chechen war.〔("Baltic countries broadcast controversial film" ) The Baltic Times Mar 28, 2002〕 On the eve of the 2006 meeting of G8 Club of industrial nations in St. Petersburg, IFCL launched mocking advertisements depicting Vladimir Putin as Groucho Marx.〔("Groucho trips up the G8 spin doctors" ) The Times July 13, 2006〕〔(G8 Forbidden Ads )〕 Among their other activities, they paid legal expenses of the Chechen separatist leader Akhmed Zakayev in his successful bid against extradition request from Russia.〔("Tycoon to fund Chechen extradition fight" ) BBC News3 November 2002〕 They have been a major sponsor of transcribing the so-called Kuchma tapes—recordings in the office of the Ukrainian president made by Major Mykola Melnychenko〔("BEREZOVSKY HOPES TO SELL ORANGE REVOLUTION TO RUSSIA" ) Jamestown Foundation Monitor Volume: 2 Issue: 54March 17, 2005〕〔("BEREZOVSKY THREATENS TO OPEN PANDORA'S BOX CREATED BY FUGITIVE UKRAINIAN BODYGUARD" ) Jamestown Foundation Monitor Volume: 2 Issue: 65 April 3, 2005〕 and contributed at least $21 million to Ukrainian opposition in support of the Orange Revolution. They supported Alexander Litvinenko through a resettlement grant that paid for rent of his two-bedroom apartment in UK.〔 Their director Alex Goldfarb who had arranged Litvinenko’s defection from Moscow in 2000 became prominent as a spokesman for Litvinenko after his poisoning and death. After the killing of Alexander Litvinenko, probably authorized by the Kremlin, IFCL seems to have folded down its public activities. The foundation's web site has not been updated since 2006. ==Criticism== Amelia Gentleman quoted acting director of Memorial society Elena Zhimkova concerning the possibility of abusing the fund by its director to resolve "personal issues".〔 Konstantin Chaplin claimed that Berezovsky sponsored pickets in Voronezh against an organization that, according to Chaplin, protects interests of Russian people, protects historic rights of Eastern Orthodox Church and has merits in state building.〔 〕 An author by initials AIA referred to an article in Komsomolskaya Pravda implying that the Foundation undermines the state of Russia. The article quoted a Moscow State University professor Vladimir Dobrenkov and a political analyst Sergei Markov stating that civil liberty defenders can overthrow the Russian government and thus help Western powers gain access to Russia's raw materials. An article in ''The Guardian'' stated that unnamed critics accuse the foundation in "bankroll() widespread opposition to Mr Putin". The article said that some activists refused grants from the foundation while others accepted them. Mary Jordan and Peter Finn in ''The Washington Post'' quote Sergei Markov saying that Berezovsky fought Kremlin to restore his political influence in Russia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Foundation for Civil Liberties」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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